Chestnuts trees have grown across China and Japan since ancient times. The Greeks brought them to Europe from Asia Minor and later they spread across the continent with the Romans.

For many Europeans in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries chestnuts were an important staple food and Italians used them to make polenta before the introduction of maize from the New World.

BIOLOGY
Many varieties of chestnut tree exist, the common European chestnut being Castanea sativa. The trees take 20 years to fruit but remain productive for centuries.

NUTRITION
Chestnuts are higher in carbohydrates and lower in fat and protein than other nuts. They contain fibre, potassium, iron, zinc and manganese.

TIPS

BUYING
After picking, chestnuts slowly dry out and shrivel. Choose nuts that are heavy for their size with shiny, smooth shells. Give a squeeze to check that the nut inside is plump and full.

STORING
Freshly picked chestnuts start off quite crisp and become more tender and chewy over the following days or weeks before deteriorating to a dry and floury texture. Storage at a cool temperature (e.g. the fridge) slows the ageing process.

PREPARING
Peeling chestnuts is a task to plan for when there’s something good on the radio; attempting the job when you’re in a hurry is likely to result in swearing and a long-standing hatred of a very fine nut.

Cut slits (or crosses) in the shells and part-cook the nuts either by roasting for 15 minutes or boiling for 20 minutes. The shells will now be fairly simple to break open. Removing the brown membrane on the nut is a fiddlier task (easier performed while the nuts are warm) and you will need to break open some nuts to get at the skin in the crevices.

Shelled and peeled, chestnuts can then be cooked according to recipe requirements (for mashing or pureeing they should have the consistency of cooked potatoes – test with a skewer).

OTHER STUFF
Ham from pigs reared on a diet rich in chestnuts is highly valued in many areas of France, Spain, Italy and particularly Corsica (home to an annual chestnut festival in December).

Material reproduced courtesy of eattheseasons.co.uk - seasonal food information, tips and recipe ideas, updated every week